FIDH (國際人權聯盟)公開信 關切台灣人權倒退
上週五 FIDH （總部位於法國，一個近八十年歷史，有一百多位組織型會員的人權團體）發了一封公開信給台灣的馬英九和劉兆玄 ，已由法國總部傳真到其辦公室，並在其官網上公告。
(中譯版)
致馬英九總統、行政院長劉兆玄
針對中國特使陳雲林訪台期間，以和平手段抗議的公民，遭到限制人身自由與攻擊一事，國際人權聯盟 (The International Federation for Human Rights, FIDH, 位於法國) 表達深切的關切。FIDH相信這類以國家安全為由的逮捕與暴力行為，嚴重侵犯了人權。
據我們獲得的消息，自2008年11月3日起，台北市布署了7,000名以上的警力。當局採取激烈措施，諸如没收或損壞私人財產，騷擾、攻擊接近定義模糊的管制區的人民，高速公路車道強制淨空，任意地搜索與逮捕，限制公民的行動自由等。在陳雲林訪台期間，當局以維安為由進行了上述行為。
我們憂慮這類侵犯行為實際上的目的是為了壓迫公民的言論自由。這類對自由的限制前所未有，明顯地超越了維安的界限。例如，公民不得懸掛或攜帶貴國國旗，不得呼喊「台灣不是中國的一部分」等口號，不得攜帶攝影器材，不得播放當局認為不妥的音樂。
這些措施的目的，似乎是為了讓政治異議噤聲，而不是為了維安，如此作法公然違反貴國憲法第11條及第14條保障言論自由與國際人權標準的精神。因此，FIDH要求貴國警政署與國安局，應根據憲法與法律，為其執法過當的行為負責。司法院與監察院應即刻針對所有涉及侵害人權的案件，進行獨立公正的調查，所有未依法善盡職守的官員應予究責。對於執法過當者，特別是警政署與國安局，應根據貴國憲法第24條「凡公務員違法侵害人民之自由或權利者，除依法律受懲戒外，應負刑事及民事責任。被害人民就其所受損害，並得依法律向國家請求賠償。」
FIDH特別呼籲貴國政府當局修改集會遊行法：廢除集會遊行許可制，改採報備制以及廢除特殊區域的限制，因為目前的集會遊行法，給予政府當局過多限制人民集會和言論自由的裁量權。另外，政府當局應廢止戒嚴時期遺留下來的驅逐令以及特殊犯罪刑罰。最後，台灣當局應建立警務人員執法條例，讓警務人員在值勤時有清楚說明他/她們身份的義務，以確保其合法性與正當性。
閣下，本組織堅信台灣卓越的民主化成績是整個亞洲的標竿。因此表達本組織對於台灣人權等級下降警訊的嚴正關切，並且將其視為降低台灣民主及人權價值負向趨勢的訊號。望您仔細考量上述關切事項，
您誠摯的
Souhayr Belhassen
FDIH主席
20/11/2008
Taiwan
Deep concern regarding the detention and attacks against citizens protesting peacefully during the visit of Chinese envoy Mr. CHEN Yunlin
Open letter to
President Ma Ying-jeou
Premier Liu Chao-hsuan
Republic of China – Taiwan
Your Excellencies,
The International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) is writing to you to express its deep concern regarding the detention and attacks against citizens protesting peacefully during the visit of Chinese envoy Mr. CHEN Yunlin. FIDH believes that such arrests and violence are grave violations of human rights, under the pretext of national security.
According to the information received, since November 3rd, 2008, the city of Taipei has been heavily occupied by more than 7,000 police officers. The authorities have taken many drastic measures, including: confiscating and damaging private property, harassing and assaulting people who came too close to undefined or vaguely defined areas, clearing communal highway lanes with force, conducting random searches and arrests, and restricting the freedom of movement of citizens. These actions have been taken during Mr. CHEN’s visit, in the name of protecting security.
However, we fear these aggressions in fact aim at suppressing the right to freedom of expression of citizens. To supplement this violence, there are also unprecedented restrictions which clearly overpass the limits of ensuring security. For example, citizens have been restricted from displaying or carrying the national flag of Taiwan, forbidden to declare that “Taiwan is not part of China”, forbidden from carrying filming devices, and restricted from playing any music the authorities consider inappropriate.
These measures seem to be aimed at silencing political opinions rather than protecting security, and thus they blatantly violate the Constitution of Taiwan, notably Articles 11 and 14 which protect freedom of expression and international human rights standards. Consequently, FIDH requests that the National Police Agency and National Security Bureau, bound by the Constitution and the national legislation, should be held responsible for violating their legal obligations. The Judicial Yuan and Control Yuan should immediately conduct independent and impartial investigations into all allegations of human rights violations and hold all personnel in office accountable for neglecting their civil and legal obligations, in line with the Judicial Yuan’s recent statement that “it is very important to form an objective and solid review standard, and make the constitutional reviews more predictable and trust-worthy to people”. Those who perpetrated these violations, particularly in the National Police Agency and National Security Bureau, must be held accountable, in accordance with Article 24 of the Constitution of Taiwan, which stipulates that “Any public employee who, in violation of law, infringes upon the freedom or right of any person shall, in addition to being subject to disciplinary punishment in accordance with law, be liable to criminal and civil action. The victim may, in accordance with law, claim damages from the State for any injury sustained therefrom.”
More generally, FIDH calls upon the government to amend the Parade and Assembly Law, in particular : to abolish the requirement for mandatory permits and adopt the system of voluntary basis and the clause on special area of restriction, which gives too much discretion to the authority to restrict people’s freedom of association and freedom of expression. In addition the authorities should abolish the order to dismiss as well as the provisions on special criminal punishment, which is a legacy of the martial law era. Finally, Taiwan should establish the protocol for law enforcement personnel who should have the obligation to clearly announce his or her identity when on duty, to ensure legitimacy and accountability.
Your Excellencies,
Our Organization firmly believes that the fruit of Taiwan’s remarkable democratization has landmark significance to the Asian continent as a whole. We therefore express our serious concern over the alarming human rights degradation in Taiwan, and we do take it as a signal of a negative trend undermining the values of democracy and human rights on which Taiwan should be based. Hoping that you will take into consideration the above mentioned concerns, I remain,
Yours sincerely,
Souhayr Belhassen
FIDH President
